Thematic domains for the state exam of the master study programme Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Basic thematic domains for the specialization Cybernetics and Measurement
Dynamic systems and their models (diff. equation, transfer function, state space model). Creation and conversions of models. Non-linear systems and linearization. Identification and verification. System.s response to various input signals (impulse, step, ramp, sinusoidal signal) and on nonzero initial conditions. Frequency response, Bode and Nyquist plots. System properties: order, gain, stability, poles, zeros, modes, damping, non-minimam phase. Analysis. Discrete-time systems and their properties. (X35SAM)
Structure of control systems. Feedforward and feedback. Goals of control in time-domain, frequency-domain and complex plane. Tracking and steady-state error. Properties of control systems (stability, margins etc.) and their analysis. Controllers (PID, lead, lag). Root locus, frequency and polynomial design methods. Digital control. Discrete-time description of a continuous-time system. Design by emulation. Discrete-time systems control. Nonlinear control. Types of nonlinearities. Equilibria and stability. Systems with transport delay. (X35SRI)
Notion of system and signal. Linear time-invariant systems. Differential and difference systems. State, state-space equations. Solution of state-space equations. Equivalence of systems. Continuous-time, discrete-time and sampled systems. Inner and outer stability of a linear system. (X35TDS)
Reachability, controllability and stabilizability of a system. Observability, constructibility and detectability of a system. Dual systems. Canonical forms of a system, Kalman decomposition. Impulse response and transfer function of a system. Zeros and poles of a system. Realization of a system. Minimum realization, balanced realizations. (X35TDS)
State feedback, state regulation, pole assignment. Output injection into the state, state estimation. Systems connection, feedback control, parameterization of stabilizing controllers. State-space realization of stabilizing controllers, separation of control and state estimation. (X35TDS)
Processing of signals by analog and digital circuits. Circuit solutions of discrete and impulse circuits. Electronic solutions of analog controllers. Means of power electronics. PWM modulation. DC/DC converters. Signal converters. Means for realization of combinational and sequential logic circuits. Systems with a microcomputer. PLD. Principles of design of electronic construction by means of CAD. Simulation of electronic circuits. (X35ESY)
Computer structure and organization. Computing process and its state, virtual machine and its layers. Computer system, technical and organization, processor work modes. Interrupt system structure, use, real-time circuits. Computer and processor networks, network topologies. Adapters for communication with technological processes, technological data acquisition and processing. (X35POS)
Physical layers of centralized and distributed systems. Control of access to the transfer medium, basic structures of protocols. Used types of modulation and coding including transfer security. (X38PIN)
Operating system (OS). Management and planning of computing processes and inter-process communication, synchronization. Memory management. Files system, device drivers. Resource sharing , time-dependent errors, critical sections. Synchronization tools, deadlock. TCP/IP protocols, ports. Addressing and routing in networks and in the Internet. Support of computer networks in OS. (X33OSA)
Information theory basics: basic notions, signal, codes, coding, information. Entropy and its properties. Communication channel and its capacity. Decision making under uncertainty and risk, statistical and Bayesian decision making. Basics of game theory, minimax rule. Bayesian nets. (X33KUI)
Recognition of objects, events and situations. Feature selection and ordering. Neural networks. Cluster analysis. Use of pattern recognition methods. Principles of problem solving. Decomposition of problems into sub-problems, side effects. State space search. A* algorithm. Heuristics. Decision trees and search in them. Expert systems and control. Knowledge engineering. (X33KUI, X33SPR)
Optimization tasks, gradient methods and their discrete analogies, optimization in constrained tasks, mathematical programming, discrete and combinatorial optimization. Complexity of optimization tasks. Adaptive and learning algorithms. (X33KUI, X33SPR)
Information flows analysis and modeling. Architecture of the information system. Data modeling, E-R models, flowcharts of data flows, functional decomposition. Relation databases, data integrity. Data retrieval. Parallel access to data, distributed databases, synchronization, transactions. Object-oriented and object relational databases.
Data analysis methods. Knowledge acquired by data-mining. Data warehouses and their use. Knowledge management, semantic modeling, ontologies. Semantic search. Information systems and unstructured information. Geographic information systems. (X33MIS)