State doctoral exam topics
Electronics
- The crystal structure of the solid state, the reciprocal lattice, defects in crystalline solid, lattice vibrations, phonons.
- The energy band structure of semiconductor in the momentum space, the density of quantum states, the effective mass of electron and holes.
- The statistics of electron and holes in the equilibrium state, impurity levels and their occupation, the intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor, the position of the fermi level.
- Transport properties of semiconductors, the transport equation, the drift, the diffusion, scattering mechanisms, the carrier mobility, mechanisms of generation and recombination, the impact ionization.
- Principles used in photonics and optoelectronics, linear and nonlinear optical environment, interaction and propagation of radiation in optical environment, the most important application area.
- The PN junction, the contact metal-semiconductor (MS), the heterojunction, the metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) – linear band diagrams, the injection and extraction. Active and passive semiconductor structures – physical and circuit models.
- 2D, 1D and 0D structures, energetic states and transport properties of these structures. Application in modern electronic and optoelectronic devices.
- Application important discrete semiconductor devices for low and high power processing. Devices and structures for high-frequency applications. Principles, parameters and characteristics.
- Power semiconductor devices. Principles, parameters and characteristics of application important diodes, transistors and thyristors in bipolar, unipolar and combined technology.
- Optical fibers and planar waveguides: principle functions and properties, attenuation and dispersion, important parameters of the waveguides, materials and technological solution.
- Coherent sources of radiation: gas, liquid, solid- state (dielectric) and injection lasers. Physical principles of function, specific properties, application area.
- Passive and dynamic optoelectronic components: coupling and connection elements, optical modulators and switches, optical multi / demultiplexers. Principles of function, properties.
- Semiconductor sources of optical radiation: light-emitting diodes, laser diodes. Principles of function, properties.
- Optical amplifiers: fiber, solid-state (dielectric), semiconductor. Principles of function, properties, application area.
- Photon detectors of optical radiation: photoresistors, PIN photodetectors, avalanche photodetectors, photomultipliers, phototransistors. Operating principles, properties, application area.
- Optical sensors: principles used features, various types of sensors properties, application area.
- Integrated circuit (IC) technologies. IC manufacturing processes and materials. Lithography, diffusion and ion implantation, thin film deposition, etching, passivation, packaging, nanotechnology.
- Unipolar and bipolar integrated structures. Rules and methodology for layout and interconnection, design rules; device models and model libraries.
- Simulation tools for manufacturing processes and semiconductor structures in relation to the circuit simulation. Parameter extraction for IC device model.
- Integrated systems Synthesis. Functional verification, Logic synthesis at register transfer level. Physical design and synthesis. HDL and AHDL languages, automated design, simulation, verification, testing.
- Digital IO architectures and macroblocks. Logic gates, combinational and sequential logic blocks, memory. Microprocessor architectures. Application-specific and reconfigurable ICs, system on a chip.
- Analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits architectures and macro blocks. Amplifiers, voltage and current references, operational amplifiers. Design principles of analog ICs. Corner and noise analysis.
- Microsystems. Physical, chemical and biochemical principles of the operation. Structures MEMS, MOEMS, MOES. Technologies. Signal processing. Design methods.
- Microactuators. Physical principles of the operation, materials, structures, signal processing. Micro realization, design.
- Microsensors and sensor systems. Physical, chemical and biochemical principles of the structure operation. Sensor signal processing. Smart sensors and systems.
- Application of ICs, sensors and microactuators in the design of electronic systems, devices and equipment, EMC.
- Optical communication systems: principles of function, specific properties, components, energy balance system, optical networks, use of optical multiplex.
- Integrated optics: principles, components, material and technological solutions, examples of optical integrated circuits.
- Trends in development of IC, optical circuits and microsystems, new principles, materials and structures, 3D integration methods, intelligent microsystems.